A Beginner’s Guide to Referencing Using APA 7TH (Part 2)

BY: Dr. Sarah Chidiebere Joe

1.         How to Reference Artworks

A.         Artwork

Artist(s) surname + comma + Initials (with full stop after each) + Year of Production (in round brackets) + full stop + Title of artwork (in italics) + Description of artwork (in square brackets) + full stop + Museum name or Collection title + Comma + Location of Museum + Full stop.

For example:

In-text citation:              It was a thought-provoking exhibition (Guerrilla Girls, 1989).

Reference list:               Guerrilla Girls. (1989). Do women have to be naked to get into the Met Museum? [Screenprint on paper]. Tate, London.

B.         Artwork Online

Artist(s) surname + comma + Initials (with full stop after each) + Year of Production (in round brackets) + full stop + Title of artwork (in italics) + Description of artwork (in square brackets) + full stop + URL

For example:

In-text citation:              …and her work was unique (Kusama, 2000).

Reference list:               Kusama, Y. (2000). Pumpkin [Screenprint]. http://www.artnet.com/artists/yayoi- kusama/pumpkin-200-yellow-a-gD7Pn6VIzvSXPkG-ouuqzg2

C.         Artwork – Exhibit Catalogue

Artist(s) surname + comma + Initials (with full stop after each) + Year of Production (in round brackets + full stop + Exhibit catalogue (in square brackets) + full stop + Exhibit location and Date of Exhibition + full stop.

For example:

In-text citation:              The acclaimed exhibition in Manchester is one of the finest (Vasconcelosw, 2014)

Reference list:               Vasconcelosw, J. (2014). Joana Vasconcelos time machine [Exhibition catalogie]. Exhibition at Manchester Art Gallery Februaryy 15 – June 1 2014.

D.         Artwork – Art Exhibition

Artist(s) surname + comma + Initials (with full stop after each) + Year of Production (in round brackets + full stop + Title of artwork (in italics) + Medium (for example art or exhibition type in square brackets) + full stop + Exhibit location and Date of Exhibition + full stop.

For example:

In-text citation:              Astounding work on display at the Serpentine Gallery by Grayson Perry (2017).

Reference list:               Perry, G. (2017). Grayson Perry: The most popular art exhibition ever! [Exhibition of ceramic pots]. Exhibited at Serpentine Gallery June 8–September 10 2017.

2.         How to Reference Books (Print & Electronic)

General rules:

• When citing from an eBook without assigned page numbers, use chapter headings, section titles, and/or paragraph numbers to aid findability.
• Books whether print or electronic, are formatted the same way on the reference list. eBooks will, however, include a DOI or URL at the end.
• Editor information – (Ed.) for one editor or (Eds.) more than one editor, followed by a period.
• Only include edition (ed.) if the work is the 2^nd or more editions.
• If the work is published by more than one publisher, separate each publisher with a semi-colon. Do not use “Ltd” after name of a publisher(s).
• When the author and publisher are the same, do not include the publisher in the reference list.

A.         Books with One or Two Authors

Author surname + comma + Initials (with full stop after each) + Year of Production (in round brackets) + full stop + Title of artwork (in italics) + Edition number (in round brackets) + full stop + Publisher + full stop + DOI or URL (for eBooks only).

For example:

In-text citation:  Some useful techniques for improving your sketching, “Think big, but keep it simple” (Krisztian & Schlempp-Ülker, 2006, p. 86).

Reference list:   Lundgren, R. E., & McMakin, A. H. (2013). Risk communication: A handbook for communicating environmental, safety, and health risks (5th ed.). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470480120

B.         Books with Three or More Authors

General Rule:

• For in-text citation of three or more authors only include the surname of the first author followed by et al. and year of publication.

Author surname + comma + Initials (with full stop after each) + Year of Production (in round brackets) + full stop + Title of artwork (in italics) + Edition number (in round brackets) + full stop + Publisher + full stop + DOI or URL (for eBooks only).

For example:

In-text citation:  The chapter on sedimentation considers “forces acting on an isolated particle moving relative to a fluid” (Richardson et al., 2002, p. 237).

Reference list:   Richardson, J. F., Harker, J. H., Backhurst, J. R., & Coulson, J. M. (2002). Coulson and Richardson’s chemical engineering: Particle technology and separation processes (5th ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann.

C.         Edited Book

Editor’s surname + comma + Initials (with full stop after each) + (Ed.) or (Eds) (in round brackets) + full stop + Year of Production (in round brackets) + full stop + Title of Book/eBook (in italics) + Edition number (in round brackets) + full stop + Publisher + full stop + DOI or URL (for eBooks only).

For example:

In-text citation:  Klees et al. (2012) explore a range of alternatives…

Reference list:   Klees, S. J., Samoff, J., Stromquist, N. P., & Bonal, X. (Eds.). (2012). The World Bank and education: Critiques and alternatives. Sense Publishers.

D.         Chapter or Section of an Edited Book

General Rule:

• For edited works, include initials before surnames.

Author(s) surname + comma + Initials (with full stop after each) +Year of Production (in round brackets) + full stop + Title of Chapter (first letter in Caps, others in lowercase) + full stop + In + Editor(s) (followed by initials of editor, followed by surname) + Title of Book (in italics) + Edition number (ed.,) + pp. (page numbers of chapters) + full stop + Publisher + full stop + DOI or URL (for eBooks only).

For example:

In-text citation:  Sharma (2009) explores the multiculturalism debate…

Reference list:   Sharma, A. (2009). Postcolonial racism: White paranoia and the terrors of multiculturalism. In G. Huggan & I. Law. (Eds.). Racism postcolonialism Europe. (pp. 119-130). Liverpool University Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5vjc6k

Lundgren, R. E., & McMakin, A. H. (2013). Risk communication: A handbook for communicating environmental, safety, and health risks (5th ed.). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470480120

E.         Translated Book

General rule:

• Translator format entails initials before surname
• Always include date of original publication and translated date in the citation

Author(s)/Editor(s) surname + comma + Initials (with full stop after each) +Year of Production (in round brackets) + full stop + Title (in italics) + full stop + Translator, Trans. (initials first followed by surname, followed by comma, followed by the abbreviation Trans., all in round brackets) + full stop + Publisher + full stop + Original work published year (in round brackets) + full stop + DOI or URL (for eBooks only).

For example:

In-text citation:  … (Fanon, 1952/1986).

Reference list:   Fanon, F. (1986). Black skin, white masks (C. L. Markmann, Trans.). Pluto Press. (Original work published 1952)

F.         Book written in another Language

Author(s)/Editor(s) surname + comma + Initials (with full stop after each) +Year of Production (in round brackets) + full stop + Translation of title (in square brackets) + full stop + Publisher + full stop.

For example:

In-text citation:  … (Hänzi, 2013).

Reference list:   Hänzi, D. (2013). Die ordnung des theaters: Eine soziologie der regie [The order of the theatre: A sociology of translating]. Transcript Verlag. http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/32945

G.        Dictionary, Thesaurus or Encyclopedia (Reference Books)

General Rule:

• When citing a definition without a named author, the Word or Section or Paragraph name should be listed first in the reference list
• Add a retrieval date when using a free web reference that may change overtime. For instance, dictionary.com

Word/Section name + full stop +Year of Production (in round brackets) + full stop + In + Author(s)/Editor(s) of book (Initials, with full stop and space after each initial) + surname + comma + Title of dictionary/encyclopedia (in italics) + (ed, Vol., pp.) + Publisher + full stop + DOI or URL (for eBooks only).

For example:

In-text citation:  … (“Romanticism”, 2013).

Reference list:   Romanticism. (2014). In World encyclopedia. Philip’s. http://oxfordreference.com Social mobility. (2019). In S. Bruce, & S. Yearley, The Sage dictionary of sociology (3rd ed., pp. 283-284). Sage.

H.         Book Reviews

Reviewer surname (followed by Comma, Initials & full stop after each initial) + Date of Publication (year followed by Comma, followed by month and day in round brackets) + full stop + Title of book review (if available) + Review of the book Title of book, by author (title of book in italics followed by comma, by author of book, initials followed by family name, in square brackets) + full stop + Journal/Newspaper title (in italics) + Volume number (in italics if applicable) + Issue number (in round brackets, if available) + page number (without page abbreviations, if applicable) + DOI or URL (for eBooks only).

For example:

In-text citation:  “Of course, decision-making involves more than just being able to make accurate predictions, but AI is also being drafted for higher-level functions including using predictions to weigh outcomes and pass judgment” (Fried, 2018, p. 26).

Reference list:   Fried, I. (2018, July 15). The shortlist/ artificial intelligence [Review of the book Prediction machines: The simple economics of artificial intelligence, by A. Agrawal, J. Gans, & A. Goldfarb]. The New York Times, 26. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/09/books/review/future-of-work-darrell-m- west.html

I.          Religious Work

General Rule:

• When citing a religious piece like the Bible, Qu’ran or Torah, add the Book, Chapter, and Verse
• Also include the version you are citing and put the source in brackets
• Include in the reference list using rules for books/eBooks

For example:

In-text citation:  “Proverbs 15:22 states “plans fail for lack of counsel, but with many advisers they succeed” (Bible, New International Version).

Reference list:   King James Bible. (2017). King James Bible Online. https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/ (Original published 1769)

3.         How to Reference Conference Papers and Poster Sessions

A.         Unpublished Conference Paper/Poster

Author(s) surname (comma followed by initials with full stop and space after each initial) + Date of Publication (year followed by comma, followed by month, followed by day or days – separated by hyphen – in round brackets) + full stop + Title (of paper or poster session presented in italics) + full stop + Paper/Poster presented at the + Title (title of conference, followed by comma) + Location (of conference) + full stop.

For example:

In-text citation:  Ellis, Johnson, and Sharman’s (2013) social reading project is …

Reference list:   Ellis, C., Johnson, Z., & Sharman, A. (2013, June 14). Under the covers: a social reading project. Poster presented at the CLS Poster Prom, University of Huddersfield.

B.         Conference Paper Published Online

Author(s) surname (comma followed by initials, with full stop and space after each initial) + Date of Publication (year followed by comma, followed by month, followed by day or days – separated by hyphen – in round brackets) + full stop + Title of paper + full stop + Title of conference + full stop + Title of conference (in italics followed by comma) + Place of conference (followed by comma) + Volume number (followed by comma) + Page numbers (without page number abbreviations) + full stop + DOI or URL (if available)

For example:

In-text citation:  … (Matheus & Quinn, 2017).

Reference list:   Matheus, C. C., & Quinn, E. (2017, November 30-December 02). Gender based occupational stereotypes: New behaviors, old attitudes. Gender based occupational stereotypes: New behaviors, old attitudes IEEE Women in Engineering (WIE) Forum USA East, Baltimore, MD, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/WIE.2017.8285610

4.         How to Reference Film, Television, Radio and Video Content

A.         Film

Director(s) (Director) (surname, comma followed by initials, with full stop and space after each initial, followed by Director in round brackets, followed by comma) + Producer(s) (Producer) (surname comma followed by initials, with full stop and space after each initial, followed by Producer in round brackets) + full stop + Year of distribution (in round brackets) + full stop + Title (in italics) + [Medium] (e.g., DVD or film) + full stop + Distributor; Studio (separate each name with semi-colon) + full stop.

For example:

In-text citation:  Jackson (2014) creates an atmosphere of….

Reference list:   Jackson, P. (Director), & Cunningham, C., Weiner, Z., Walsh, F., & Jackson, P. (Producers). (2014). The Hobbit: The desolation of Smaug [DVD]. Entertainment UK; Warner Bros.

B.         Television: Single Programme

Writer(s) or Producer(s) (Writer or Producer surname comma, followed by initials, with full stop and space after each initial, followed by Writer/Producer in round brackets, followed by comma) + Director(s) (Director surname comma, followed by initials, with full stop and space after each initial, followed by Writer/Producer in round brackets) + full stop + Year of broadcast (in square brackets) + full stop + Title (in italics) + [Television broadcast] (in square brackets) + full stop + Broadcaster(s) (separate each name with semi-colon) + full stop.

For example:

In-text citation:  … (Baron, 2018).

Reference list:   Baron, A. (Producer), & Gale, C. (Director). (2018). The joy of winning [Television broadcast]. BBC.

C.         Television: Single Episode of a Television Series

Writer(s) (Writer surname comma, followed by initials, with full stop and space after each initial, followed by Writer in round brackets, followed by comma) + Director(s) (Director surname comma, followed by initials, with full stop and space after each initial, followed by Writer in round brackets) + full stop + Year of broadcast (in round brackets) + full stop + Title of Episode + Season/Series number, Episode number (Season or series number followed by comma, followed by episode number, in round brackets) + Television series episode (in square brackets) + full stop + In + Producer (Producer initials, with full stop after each initial, followed by surname, followed by Producer in round brackets) + full stop + Series title (in italics) + full stop + Broadcaster(s) (separate each name with a semi-colon) + full stop.

For example:

In-text citation:  The script for Doctor Who created suspense by… (Robert & Moffat, 2014).

Reference list:   Roberts, G., Moffat, S. (Writers), & Murphy, P. (Director). (2014). The caretaker (Series 8, episode 6) [Television series episode]. In N. Wilson (Producer). Doctor Who. BBC.

D.         Radio Broadcast

General rule:

• If producer is not known, use the presenter’s or writer’s name as appropriate and change their role in round brackets

Producer(s) (Producer surname comma, followed by initials, with full stop and space after each initial, followed by Producer in round brackets) + full stop + Year of Broadcast (in round brackets) + full stop + Title of Broadcast (in italics) ₊ Season/Series number, Episode number (season or series number followed by comma, followed by episode number, all in round brackets) + Radio broadcast (in square brackets) + full stop + Broadcast Channel + full stop.

For example:

In-text citation:  (Warde, 2018)

Reference list:   Warde, M. (Producer). (2018). Komodo dragon [Radio broadcast]. BBC Radio 4.

E.         Steamed Video (For example YouTube)

General rule:

• If author not named, use the organisation or screen name followed by a full stop.

Author(s) (surname comma, followed by initials, with full stop and space after each initial) + Date of Publication (year followed by comma, followed by month and day in round brackets) + full stop + Title (in italics) + Video (in square brackets) + full stop + Publisher + full stop + Publisher + full stop + URL

For example:

In-text citation:  Using the ebook video from hudlibrary on YouTube (University of Huddersfield Library, 2018).

Reference list:   hudlibrary. (2018, August 17). Introduction to ebooks [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com

F.         Podcast

• If primary contributor is unknown, use the title of the programme in italics.

Host(s) or Producer(s) (Host or Producer, surname, comma followed by initials, with full stop and space after each initial, followed by host(s) or producer(s) in round brackets) + full stop + Date of broadcast (year followed by comma, followed by month and day in round brackets) + full stop + Title (in italics) + full stop + Season/Series number (in round brackets) + Audio podcast or Video podcast (in square brackets) + full stop + Publisher/Broadcaster (if appropriate) + full stop + URL.

For example:

In-text citation:  Larrington & Hield (2019) explore the role of folklore in British society across five episodes.

Reference list:   Larrington, C., & Hield, F. (Hosts). (2019). Modern fairies. [Audio podcast]. University of Oxford. https://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/series/modern-fairies

 G.       Single Episode from Podcast

Host(s) or Producer(s) (Host or Producer, surname, comma followed by initials, with full stop and space after each initial, followed by host(s) or producer(s) in round brackets) + full stop + Date of broadcast (year followed by comma, followed by month and day in round brackets) + full stop + Title of podcast episode (in italics) + full stop + Season/Series number (in round brackets) + Audio podcast or Video podcast (in square brackets) + full stop + In + Title of podcast (in italics) + full stop + Publisher/Broadcaster (if appropriate) + full stop + URL.

For example:

In-text citation:  A thought-provoking discussion (Kaur, 2018).

Reference list:   Kaur, G. (Host). (2018, August 30). Peace and protest. (Episode 5) [Video podcast episode]. In Kalki presents: My Indian life. BBC World Service. https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p06jtcp1

5.         How to Reference Financial Data

Publishing organisation or Author + full stop + Date of publication (year followed by comma, followed by month and day/last update in round brackets) + full stop + Title or Section of Report or Title of Date Extract (in italics) + Name of database the data was retrieved from (in italics) + URL or Subscription Service.

For example:

In-text citation:  The data here reveals… (Bloomberg L.P., 2019).

Reference list:   Bloomberg. (2019, January 11). Data derived from Bloomberg L.P.

6.         How to Reference Illustrations and Photographs

General rules:

• If the artist /photographer is unknown, start your reference with the image title
• If you can’t find the date of publication use n.d (no date).
• When the author and publisher/website are the same name, do not include the publisher/website name in the reference list.
• All images/photographs should be written as numbered figures so you can refer to them in your work. For instance, see Figure 2 instead of see Figure 2 below/above/adjacent
• Each image should have a descriptive title, and the citation should refer to the original source (e.g., book, website, journal).
• The original source should be included in the reference list.

A.         Illustration/Image/Photograph from a Book

General rule:

• If including the image in your work, use the following layout and reference the book and page number underneath as you would a direct quote.

Artist(s)/Photographer(s) (surname, comma, followed by initials, with full stop and space after each initial) + Year image was created (in round brackets) + full stop + Title of the illustration or photograph + Description of format (e.g., photograph, cartoon, in square brackets) + full stop + In + Author(s) of the book (surname, comma, followed by initials, with full stop and space after each initial) + Year of Publication (in round brackets)  + full stop + Title of Book (in italics) + Page number (with page abbreviations, in round brackets) + full stop + Publisher + full stop + DOI or URL.

For example:

In-text citation:  … (Brown, 2006, p. 34.) … (Hockney, 1977).

Reference list:   Brown, N. (Ed.) (2006). Tracey Emin. Tate.
Hockney, D. (1977). My parents [Oil painting]. In Melia, P., & Luckhardt, U. (2007). David Hockney (p. 112). Prestel.

B.         Illustration/Image/Photograph from an Online Collection

General rule:

• This involves referencing an image from an online collection, e.g., Flickr, Tumblr or Pinterest

In including the image in your work use the following layout and reference the book and page number underneath as you would a direct quote.

Artist(s)/Photographer(s) (surname, comma, followed by initials, with full stop and space after each initial) + Year image was created (in round brackets) + full stop + Title of the illustration or photograph (in italics)+ Description of format (e.g., online image, watercolour painting, in square brackets) + full stop + Add name of source (website/collection) +full stop + URL.

For example:

In-text citation:  …(Denali National Park and Preserve, 2013)
…this historical event, depicted by Record Press (1912).

Reference list:   Denali National Park and Preserve. (2013). Lava the Sled Dog. [Photograph]. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/denalinps/8639280606/

Record Press. (1912). Christabel and Emmeline Pankhurst in Paris [Photograph]. The Women’s Library: Suffrage Collection. https://vads.ac.uk/large.php?uid=184549&sos=0

C.         Image from a Website

General rule:

• If including the image in your work, use the following layout and reference the book and page number underneath as you would a direct quote.

Artist(s)/Photographer(s) (surname, comma, followed by initials, with full stop and space after each initial) + Year image was created (in round brackets) + full stop + Title of the illustration or photograph (in italics)+ Description of format (e.g., online image, watercolour painting, in square brackets) + full stop + Add name of source (website/collection) +full stop + URL.

For example:

In-text citation:  The BBC (2019) used a picture of an Eastern grey kangaroo to explain…

The image used on the “Eat well” webpage on the NHS website clearly portrays a balanced meal (2018).

Reference list:   BBC. (2019). Eastern grey kangaroo [Infographic]. BBC Bitesize. https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/zmw4bdm

National Health Service. (2018). Eat well: 5 a day what counts? [Photograph]. https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/5-a-day-what-counts/

7.         How to Reference Journals, Trade Publications, or Magazines

General rule:

• For articles with one or two authors include both surnames in the citation
• If a work has 3-20 authors, include the first author’s family name followed by et al.
• Some online articles do not have page numbers, so the DOI or URL will be sufficient
• If the article does not have a DOI, use the URL of the website
• If you are citing an advance release version, insert Advance Online Publication before the DOI or URL.

A.         Journal article with One or Two Authors

General rule:

• For articles with One or Two authors include both surnames in the citation.

Author(s) (surname, comma followed by initials, with full stop and space after each initial) + Year of Publication (in round brackets) + full stop + Title of Article (first letter capitalised) + full stop + Title of Journal (in italics, all words in title capitalised other than words such as of, in etc., followed by comma) + Volume number (in italics, this may be a month, season or number) + Issue (in round brackets) + Page numbers (without page abbreviations) + full stop + DOI or URL.

For example:

In-text citation:  As Nnoromele states that “these overdetermined representations of African women as victims” (2010, p. 181) differ…

Blaton (2003) attributes the western way of life as a contributing factor…

Reference list:   Nnoromele, S. C. (2010). Representing the African woman: Subjectivity and self in The joys of motherhood. Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction, 43(2), 178-190. http://doi.org/10.1080/00111610209602179

Blaton, V. (2003). The role of lipids in the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease: Guideline for diagnosis and treatment. The Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. 14(2), 59-64. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6169141/

B.         Journal articles with Three or Twenty Authors

General rule:

• If a work has 3-20 authors, include the first author’s family name followed by et al.

Author(s) (surname, comma followed by initials, with full stop and space after each initial) + Year of Publication (in round brackets) + full stop + Title of Article (first letter capitalised) + full stop + Title of Journal (in italics, all words in title capitalised other than words such as of, in etc., followed by comma) + Volume number (in italics, this may be a month, season or number) + Issue (in round brackets) + Page numbers (without page abbreviations) + full stop + DOI or URL.

For example:

In-text citation:  Sahar et al (1997) identify that…

“Mobile phone addiction has become a worldwide problem due to its high occurrence rate, fast growth rate…” (Liu et al., 2018, p. 247).

Reference list:   Sahar, A. D., Brenninkmeyer, S. M., & O’Connell, D. C. (1997). Maya Angelou’s inaugural poem. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 26(4), 449-463.

Liu, Q.-Q., Zhang, D.-J., Yang, X.-J., Zhang, C.-Y., Fan, C.-Y., & Zhou, Z.-K. (2018). Perceived stress and mobile phone addiction in Chinese adolescents: A moderated mediation model. Computers in Human Behavior, 87, 247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.06.006

B.         Journal articles with Twenty-One or More Authors

General rule:

• For the in-text citation, include only the first author’s family name followed by et al. and the year.
• In the reference list, list the names of the first nineteen authors followed by … and then the last author.

Author(s) (surname, comma followed by initials, with full stop and space after each initial for the first 19 authors, followed by three dots, and then, add the last author) + Year of Publication (in round brackets) + full stop + Title of Article (first letter capitalised) + full stop + Title of Journal (in italics, all words in title capitalised other than words such as of, in etc., followed by comma) + Volume number (in italics, this may be a month, season or number) + Issue (in round brackets) + Page numbers (without page abbreviations) + full stop + DOI or URL.

For example:

In-text citation:  As summarised… (Tanabashi et al.)

Reference list:   Tanabashi, M., Hagiwara, K., Hikasa, K., Nakamura, K., Sumino, Y., Takahashi, F., Tanaka, J., Agashe, K, Aella, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M, Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bettini, A., Bischel, H., …Zyla, P. A. (2018). Review of particle physics. Physical Review D. 98(3). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.98.030001

C.         Magazine

General rule:

• Magazine formats vary. Some may have volume and issue numbers, some may only have an issue number, and some may only have a date. If you can’t find any of the parts of the reference specified below, just leave them out.

Author(s) (surname, comma followed by initials, with full stop and space after each initial) + Year of Publication (in round brackets) + full stop + Title of Article (first letter capitalised) + full stop + Title of Magazine (in italics, all words in title capitalised other than words such as of, in etc., followed by comma) + Volume number (in italics, this may be a month, season or number) + Issue (in round brackets) + Page numbers (without page abbreviations) + full stop + DOI or URL.

For example:

In-text citation:  … (Torkia, 2018).
As discussed by Handford (2019)…

Reference list:   Torkia, D. (2018, August 8). Dina Torkia on perfecting the art of modesty dressing. Vogue. https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/dina-torkia-muslim-fashion-blogger-modesty- dressing

Handford, R. (2019, September). Working at Worthy Farm: a podiatrist’s Glastonbury adventure. Podiatry Now, 22(9), 26-27.

8.         How to Reference Law

General rule:

• Law students use the OSCOLA method of referencing.
• APA referencing is an American system of referencing and does not have a set way of referencing UK legal publications. Legal references should not be included in the APA reference list.
• When the act, bill, statutory instrument or law (cases) report is first mentioned, the full citation is given.

A.         Cases (Law Reports)

For example:

In-text citation:  First mention (Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562) Subsequent mentions   (Donoghue v Stevenson, 1932)

B.         Acts of Parliament

General rule:

• The APA manual states that you are not required to include Acts of Parliament in the reference list. All that is required is an in-text citation.

For example:

In-text citation:  The Equal Opportunity Act 2010…
Section 91 of the Equality Act 2010 explores student admissions…

9.         How to Reference Leaflets, Pamphlets, Brochures

General rule:

• Unpublished material can also be known as ‘grey literature’.

Organisation(s) + full stop + Year of Publication (in round brackets) + full stop + Title (in italics) + Description of format (e.g., leaflet, in square brackets) + full stop + Publisher + full stop.

For example:

In-text citation:  As the leaflet published by the NHS (2018) highlights reducing your intake of butter and cheese can lower cholesterol.

Reference list:   National Health Service. (2018). Lowering your cholesterol – first steps: reduce saturated fats [Leaflet]. Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust.

10.       How to Reference Maps

General rule:

• Include as much information as possible, e.g., scale, type of map, etc.
• For dynamically created maps, e.g., Google Maps and many of the Digimap products, describe the map in square brackets, and include a retrieval date.
• For static (including printed) maps with a published name, italicise the title and follow with [Map] (in square brackets).
• If you are referencing a long URL, you are encouraged to use a URL shortening service, e.g. Bitly or TinyURL.
• If referencing Digimap products, further advice can be found on the Digimap website.

A.         Printed Maps

General rule:

• When the author and publisher are the same name, do not include the publisher in the reference list.

Organisation(s) + full stop + Year of Publication (in round brackets) + full stop + Title (in italics) + Map (in square brackets) + full stop + Scale of Map (if applicable) + full stop + Map series/number + full stop + Publisher + full stop.

For example:

In-text citation:  London is brought to life through the illustrations…(Bartholomew & Son, 1955).

Our research focussed on the escapades of Wallace and Gromit through Wensleydale (Ordnance Survey, 2009).

Reference list:   John Bartholomew & Son. (1955) A children’s map of London. [Map].

Ordnance Survey. (2009). Yorkshire Dales: Northern & central areas: Wensleydale & Swaledale: showing part of National Park and the Pennine Way. [Map]. 1:25 000, OS Explorer Map OL30.

B.         Online Maps: Google

Organisation(s) + full stop + Year of Publication (in round brackets) + full stop + Google Maps (in square brackets) + full stop + Retrieved Date (Month, day, followed by comma, year, followed by comma) + from + URL.

For example:

In-text citation:  The map shows the walking route for our site-specific performance through Huddersfield (Google, 2020).

Reference list:   Google. (2020). [Google Maps directions for walking from the University of Huddersfield to Beaumont Park]. Retrieved July 22, 2020, from https://tinyurl.com/y28v9zcx

C.         Digimap Ordnance Survey

Organisation(s) + full stop + Year of Publication (in round brackets) + full stop + Title (in italics, this could include location of map, for example the town or street name) + Map (in square brackets) + full stop + Scale of Map (if applicable, followed by comma) + Product name + full stop + URL.

For example:

In-text citation:  The map of Huddersfield (Ordnance Survey, 2018) shows the location of Castle Hill and Victoria Tower in Huddersfield.

Reference list:   The map of Huddersfield (Ordnance Survey, 2018) shows the location of Castle Hill and Victoria Tower in Huddersfield.

 D.        Digimap Historic

Organisation(s) + full stop + Year of Publication (in round brackets) + full stop + Title (in italics, this could include location of map, for example the town or street name) + Map (in square brackets) + full stop + Scale of Map (if applicable, followed by comma) + Map series + full stop + URL.

For example:

In-text citation:  The Ordnance Survey map from 1890 shows the Castle Hill hotel on the top of Castle Hill in Huddersfield.

Reference list:   Ordnance Survey. (1890). Huddersfield 10560 [Map]. County Series 1st Revision. https://digimap.edina.ac.uk/

E.         Digimap Geology

Organisation(s) + full stop + Year of Publication (in round brackets) + full stop + Title (in italics, this could include location of map, for example the town or street name) + Geological Map (in square brackets) + full stop + Scale of Map (if applicable, followed by comma) + Product name + full stop + URL.

For example:

In-text citation:  Using the British Geological Survey map of Huddersfield (2017) shows that the majority of the centre of city centre of Huddersfield is built on clay, silt, sand and gravel.

Reference list:   British Geological Survey. (2017). Huddersfield [Geological map]. 1:50 000, DIGMapGB-50 Rock Unit. https://digimap.edina.ac.uk/

F.         Digimap Environment

Organisation(s) + full stop + Year of Publication (in round brackets) + full stop + Title (in italics, this could include location of map, for example the town or street name) + Map (in square brackets) + full stop + Map (description of map in square brackets) + full stop+ Product name + full stop + URL.

For example:

In-text citation:  Using the map of Huddersfield (Fig. 4.), which was produced using data from the Centre of Ecology and Hydrology (2015), you can see a large proportion of ‘improved grassland’ surrounding Huddersfield. Reference list:   Centre for Ecology and Hydrology. (2015). Huddersfield [Map]. Land cover. https://digimap.edina.ac.uk/

Pls note: Most of the examples have been adopted from the University of Huddersfield APA 7th Referencing Guide